It installs handlers. I don't have the exact name but there's support in the kernel to redirect syscalls to a Userland process
https://www.phoronix.com/news/Wine-11.5-Released
"SUD" Syscall User Dispatch feature in Linux 5.11 +
https://www.phoronix.com/news/Wine-11.5-Released
"SUD" Syscall User Dispatch feature in Linux 5.11 +