Up to 20 years in prison if you knew about it.
More likely would be large fines and possibly restrictions and audits of all future exports.
In this specific case, though, it probably depends more on the fallout between Huang and Trump.
I could easily see Trump pardoning him, but I could also see him getting thrown under the bus.
> Up to 20 years in prison if you knew about it.
Death/execution is also a possibility in the US for the offense