Maybe. Try it and see. If it doesn't work it's probably just a temperature sensor (thermistor) and a resistor indeed simulates a certain temperature the same way your power supply simulates a charge state.
If you don't have any real training in electronics, please refrain from giving advice like this. It can start fires.
You could probably open the wrap of a battery to show the individual components including the cells and other guts. Once you identify what the cables lead to then simulate it or replicate it.