There is bcache and dm-cache. bcache was the basis for bcachefs but I don't know anyone who uses them or dm-cache
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bcache
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dm-cache
Sometimes I shoot over 100GB of raw photos and don't finish processing it all in 1 session. It would be nice if that got cached in an SSD rather than having to read the hard drive every time. But it's not a big enough issue for me test one of the caching layers.